Liquid dispensing apparatus



Aug. l5, 1939. w. M. CARROLL LIQUID DISPENSING Af-ARATUS Filed Feb. 2, 1935 10 Sheets-Sheet 1 I Trwe nbr Aug. 15, 1939.

, W. M. CARROLL LIQUID DISPENSING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 2, 1935 10 Sheets-Sheet 2 UUeHnjI.) Lamm/I1 Glrrol :gg: @076 #fl/Hw@ a@ Aug. 15, 1939. w, CARROLL 2,169,635

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LIQUID DISPENSING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 2. 1955 f 1o sheets-sheet 5 Aug. 15, 1939. w. M, CARROLL 2,169,635

LIQUID DISPENS ING APPARATUS Fi'led Feb. 2. 1935 10 Sheets-Sheet 6 7 2 S Q RUZTITE L04' 1110311: IL/L Carroll` 59; @016+ (movin vB64 l Aug. 15, 1939. w. M.cARRo| LIQUID DIS'PENSING APPARATUS 10 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed Feb. 2, 1935 Mmm.

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Patented Aug. 15, 1939 PATENT f OFFICE- LIQUID DIsPENsING APPARATUS William M Carroll, Fort Wayne, Ind., assignor to S. F. Bowser & Company, Inc., Fort Wayne, Ind., a corporation of Indiana Application February 2, 1935, Serial No. 4,674

Claims.

My invention relatesl to a liquid dispensing device and more particularly to a gasoline dispensing pump having a meter in the dispensing i line through which liquid is adapted to flow under 5 pressure and wherein the flow of the liquid through the line is under the control of an operator so as tol dispense anydesired quantity or gallonage of liquid.

. One of the main objects of my invention is to provide a liquid dispensing device particularly `adapted for gasoline dispensing which is constructed and arranged so that the operator need watch only the liquid in the'tank as the same is being lled and as soon as the liquid approaches within 4a predetermined unit of the full capacity of the tank, the 'operator can, from the nozzle end of the dispensing device, cause the automatic stopping of the dispensing at an exact and predetermined amount of liquid, whereby the necessity of the operator watching the meter clock is eliminated and wherebythe operators complete attention may be directed to the operation of iilling the tank.

,Yet another object of my invention resides in providing a dispensing device adapted to dispense predetermined and exact units of liquid wherein the vexact amount to be dispensed may be selected by the operator after the initiation of the dispensing operation, the dispensing being accomplished preferably, but not necessarily from the nozzle end of the dispensing unit.

Yet another object of my invention resides in providing a liquid dispensing device, with means for stopping the liquid flow at any exact unit quantity of liquid or at any'multiple of said unit quantity and including manually operable lmeans to selectively permit stoppage at any desired multiple of said quantity.

Yet another object of'my invention resides in providing a liquid dispensing device with means f or stopping the dispensing flow at any of a plurality of exact dispensing quantities including manually operable means to selectively permit the stoppage at any desired one of said quantities.

Another object of my invention is to provide a liquid dispensing system including a volumetric displacement meter, said meter including means whereby in addition to recording the amount of liquid dispensed, the meter also automatically measuresindividual quantities in any number of accurate and exact basic unit multiples ,and whereby it may also accumulate at the will of the operator any number of such basic units oi" liquid .dispensed and underits own control ac- 55 curately measure said; units.

Another object of my invention resides in providing a liquid dispensing device wherein control means are movable in synchronized relation with th meter and is provided Witha series of controls thereon spaced apart in graduated relation, 5 each corresponding with an accurate measured incremental unit of liquid measure, and wherein -a clock mechanism .is likewise synchronously driven and is provided with spaced apart graduated price indicia, each corresponding with'one l0 of said incremental units of measure or multiples thereof, together with means automatically stopping' the dispensing i'low atv any one of said incremental units of measure and wherein means is provided so that the price indicia. for said l5 exact unit of measure will appear on the clock mechanism.

Among the objects of my invention are to provide a liquid dispensing device of the foregoing character wherein the ow of liquid is constantly 20 under the commandof the operator and wherein means is provided at the nozzle end of the pump and which is generally dispensing liquid into a4 receptacle disposed at somedistance from the l base of the pump, including instrumentalitles whereby the ow of liquid through the pump will automatically stop at a predetermined, exact unit quantity and which quantity is adjustably variable at the volition of the dispenser and from the nozzle end of the device.

Still another object of my invention resides in providing a so-called pull-hose type of control which is constructed and arranged to start the dispensing operation and thereafter to cause the automatic cessation of dispensing when an exact unit quantity of lliquid has been dispensed and particularly to provide a device of such character wherein 'the dispensing operator may, during the flow of liquid through the dispensing line, select the exact amount of liquid which he de- 40 sires to dispense and whereupon instrumentaliyties will be put into operation automaticallyto cause a cessation of dispensing when said exact quantity of liquid has been dispensed. v

Yet another object of my invention resides in providing such a mechanism wherein the selection of the quantity to be dispensed and the automatic control and stoppage of such dispensing is accomplished from the nozzle end of the pump. n Yet another object of my invention resides in providing such a device wherein after the predetermined amount of liquid has been dispensed, the operator can dispense a selected and exact additional amount of liquid by controlling the operation from the nozzle end and without the necessity of approaching the location of the pump pedestal.

.Yet another object of my invention resides in the provision of such a type of mechanism wherein should the tank being filled overiiow, the dispensing ow may be immediately stopped and wherein mechanism is provided for resetting the dispensing mechanism so as to thereafter autof matically dispense exact units of liquid in succeeding or successive dispensing operation.

Yet another object of my invention resides in providing a dispensing mechanism which includes acontrol means operable from the nozzle end of thedispenser, enabling the operator to dispense any exact unit quantity of liquid he desires and which mechanism will automatically stop the dispensing when such exact unit quantity has been delivered wherein the pump or other operative means for forcing liquid through the dispens' ing line under pressure is started and stopped from the control at the nozzle end of the pump thereby saving consumption of power by having the operation of the motor for the pumping means run only during the duration of the dispensing period,

Yet another object of my invention resides in providing a device of the character disclosed wherein the termination of the dispensing operation is under the control of the operator at the ln the nozzle end of the dispensing unit which will close as soon as relieved of pressure when the tlow stops whereby preventing the loss of liquid in the hose during the momentary period that the nozzle valve remains open after the flow has been 45 stopped by the maintained control valve in the dispensing line. Yet another object of my invention resides in providing a pump of the foregoing character with instrumentalities cooperating with the hose hook' or the support whereby the entire pump mechanism is locked when the control handle is'in normal or o position.

Yet another object of my inventionresides in providing a dispensing pump of the foregoing character wherein instrumentalities are provided for resetting the quantity indicators to zero prior to the initiation of the subsequent dispensing operation and the starting of the pump motor.

Yet another object of my invention resides in providing as a particularly adaptable instrumentality in cooperation with the device for.

.interchange and/or repair, replacement or assembly. Yet another object of'my invention resides providing a novel type of gasoline dispensing pump mechanism wherein the dispensing operation is subject to the opening and closing of a control valve which is automatically operated-to start and stop from the nozzle end of the dispensing mechanism and which includes a movable element adapted to be operated by the measuring Adevice such, for instance, as a fluid displacement meter and which is adapted automatically to stop the dispensing operation when a predetermined exact quantity of liquid has passed through the meter.

Yet another object of my invention resides in providing mechanism ofthe foregoing character wherein the control mechanism is operatively connected to the hose and is operable by the well known pull hose method.

Yetanother object of my invention resides in providing a novel type of clock mechanism, per se, constructed and arranged to indicate exact unit quantities of liquid and also to indicate the price per unit and/or the price of the total amount of such liquid dispensed by the pump.

Yet another object of my invention resides in providing a dispensing device which will dispense a predetermined and exact quantity of liquid through the nozzle, together with instrumentalities manuallyoperable from the nozzle for controlling the initiation of the dispensing operation and/or for controlling the termination and/or re-starting of the dispensing operation. Yet another object of my invention resides in providing a dispensing device which includes a dispensing line terminating ina nozzle valve having a manually operable control member and through which dispensing line liquid under pressure is adapted to be forced through a liquid measuring device such as a volumetric displacement meter and wherein a control valve is inserted in the line and is adapted to be operated by instrumentalities automatically operable atv the volition of the dispenser from the nozzle and of the line for opening and/or closing the control valve and in a manner to dispense exact and f predetermined volumes of liquid.

.ume of liquid, and particularly wherein said valve is provided with a spring for closing the same, the valve and the spring being constructed and arranged so that the valve, in addition to functioning as a `dispensing cut-off, also acts as a foot valve to keep the dispensing system primed and/or wherein the valve and its spring functions to hold the head of liquid in the system so as to keep the sight-glass full, the tension of the spring being adjusted to accomplish this, and yet capable of releasing upon the creation of an exterior pressure in the dispensing system, due to the expansion of gases in the same, and whereby to open slightly to relieve this excess pressure.

Yet another object of my invention resides in providing a control valve at the inlet side or discharge side of the meter which control valve is arranged to prevent any undue strain being placed upon the meter being due to the pressure 4oi the liquid in the system.

Yet another object of my invention resides in providing a liquid dispensing system with a control valve for stopping'the iluid iiow and in addi- 7gv tion thereto, with a nozzle valve control together with means operable from the reset of the clock mechanism of the meter for automatically closing the control valve in the event that the control valve hasremained open as a result .of closing the nozzlevalve.

Still another object of my invention resides in combining .the spring-closed control valveand foot valve for stopping flow through the dispensing line, and for maintaining the dispensing line, includinga sight-glass full of liquid after the dispensing operation, with pressure 'relief mechanism, whereby springmeans is utilized, of

such strength that it will be sufficient easily to closethe combined control and foot valve, particularly by remote control means, and yet at the some time will be of suiiicient strength to maintain the valve closed under suiiicient tension to provide a considerablepressure in the dispensing line so as to maintain suiiiclent pressure in the sight discharge or glass so as to keep the gasoline above vapor pressure.

Yet another object of my invention lis to provide a spring control mechanism for permitting the combined control valve and foot valve to close easily for easy operation either by hand, or particularly b y remote control means, while at the same time providing sufficient tension to maintain the slight discharge under anadjustably selectable range of pressures, vdepending upon the temperature and.' type of gasoline dispensed, therebypreventipg the dropping down ofthe level in the sight glass.

Yet another object of my invention resides in providing a changeable tension means for the combined control valve and foot valve for the liquid flow line, whereby a predetermined adjustment of spring means is utilized for closing or assisting in closing the control valve to stop the liquid Iiow, and whereby after flow has stopped, a spring means of greater tension is utilized for maintaining the combined control and foot valve in closed position, but which is yieldable under greater pressures whereby to maintain a greater pressure inA the sight glass. but which spring means will relieve to permit the escape of some of this pressure when necessary.

Yet another object of my invention resides in providing an alternative arrangement of spring meansvfor the combined control and foot valve for the liquid dispensing line, which arrangement provides a spring means for closing the control valve to stop the dispensing, and wherein 'upon the actuation of the resetting mechanism, a spring 'means of greater tension is utilized for maintaining the control` valve closed lunder higher tension whereby the mst-mentioned spring means is utilized for stopping the ow in a more facile and easy manner, as from a remote control station, and whereby the greater spring pressure is utilized for maintaining a higher pressure in the liquid dispensing line, as when the pump is standing idle between dispensing operations.

Yet another object of my invention resides in providing, in connectionwith the liquid dispensing system havinga sight-glass, a manually conmaintaining the valve closed by the spring means of greater tension after the valve has been closed by the springmeans'of lesserv tension, whereby the spring means of greater tension will maintain the liquid in the sight glass under greater pressure than could be provided for it by the spring means of lesser tension, and whereby said valve is adapted to yield to permit relief of said pressure 5, in the sight glass when necessary.

Yet another object of my invention resides in Yet another object of my invention resides in providing an arrangement whereby the valve closes before the pump stops, thereby permitting the force of fluid ow to assist the spring of the 2o valve in closing the valve, thereby to accomplish quicker valve closing, thereby permitting accuracy of measurement, particularly in combination with the means included in my invention for stopping the iiuid ow at exact and incremental 25 units ofvolume or multiples thereof.

vYet another object of my invention resides in 'the provision in a pull hose system for the control 'of the dispensing operation of a dispensing control valve, and a pump control for forcing fluid 304 through the dispensing linewhereby the valv is opened and thereafter the pump started and/or wherein the valve closes before the pump stops, wherein the parts are interconnected and arranged to permit operation and control by the 35 pull hose method in a more facile and expeditious manner and wherein less energy is required to actuate the control devices by the tension upon the hose as' in pull hose operation.

These and other objects of my invention will 40 be apparent from a perusal of the following specication when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein Fig. l is a front view of one form of my improved type of liquid dispensing mechanism; .45,

Fig. 2 is a side Aview thereof; Fig. 3 is a plan section on the line 3`3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a view of the changed position of the hose pull arm, spring tension assembly shown in Fig 3- 50 Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5--5 of Fig.3

showing the clock and hose pull arm mechanism;

Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5

showing the positionfof the stop mechanism for 55 the resetting shaft;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing the mechanism controlled by the pull hose`rm when in operating or dispensing position when ln various positions of operation; 60

Fig. 8'is a diagrammatic perspective view of the preferred form of clock mechanism which I de sire to use with the other features of my invention;

Fig. 9 is a front view partly-in section, of a 65 clock mechanism assembly;

Fig. 10 is a section on the line lll-I0 of Fig. 9; Fig. 1l is a section on the line II-ll of Fig. 9

showing a portion of the reset mechanism;

Fig. 12 is a similar view showing a changed. 7'0

position of the set-back or reset mechanism;

showing the clock, shutter and price disc assembled; i

Fig. 17 is an expanded view of the parts shown in Fig. 16;

Fig. 18 is a section on line i8-i3 of Fig. 16, and

Fig. 19 is a section taken on line i3-I9 of Fig. 17.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, I have illustrated my invention as applied to a generally conventional type of pump which includes an upstanding housing or pedestal 2 of any desired construction, shape or size. which pedestal, as is well known in the art, provides a housing for a supply pipe I adapted to connect with a source of liquid to be dispensed, such, for instance, as a gasoline or other liquid-'containing reservoir. 'I'he pipe 4 connects to the inlet side of the pump 6 or other liquid forcing means, which in the present instance, is a rotary pump adapted to be driven by the motor 6 as by gearing I0. The motor 3 is provided with any type of switch I2 adapted to be controlled by a rod I4. The discharge side of the pump may connect with any type of air separator I6 which is adapted to dis'- charge into a dispensing pipe I3, forming a part of the dispensing line, which latter, in turn, discharges into the liquid measuring device, preferably comprising a meter 20.

The meter 2li may be of any desired, well-known construction and is preferably of the liquid displacement type. I prefer to use any of the present commercial type of Bowser meters which are well' known in the art.- -The bowl of the meter is shown in the dotted lines in Fig. 1. In general, it might be stated that this type of meter comprises a sequence of liquid displacement cylinders in which operate pistons. The liquid under pressure, flowing into the meter, will operate the pistons in succesion to rotate a shaft, which shaft, in turn, operates any type of clock mechanism to indicate at any instant, the amount of liquid dispensed.

In order to provide a primary control of the liquid passing through the dispensing line, I provide a control valve assembly which, in the present instance,I preferably place in the pipe I8 immediately at the inlet of the meter. This control valve assembly comprises a coupling 22, Fig. Y '1, connected to the line pipe i 6 and provided with an internal threaded sleeve 2l forming a valve seat 26. A connecting pipe or coupling 28 connectswith the inlet pipe 30, to the meter 20. The control valve 32 is constructed and arranged to seat quickly and with a minimum of operating exertion against a valve seat 26. To this end the valve 32 is provided with a stem r34 passing through a stuiling box 36 in the coupling 28. The outer end of the stem 34 is preferably provided with a pair of collars 38 and 33' forming therebetween an annular groove to receive opposed ears 31 formed on the inner walls of a bifurcation on the arm |62 hereinafter referred to. Collar 33' vis normally maintained against the collar 33 which abuts against a set of adjustable lock nuts y 33, by means of a .tension spring 33. The upper end of the spring bears against a washer, which, in turn, abuts an upper set of yloclr nuts Obviously,V by means of the adjustment of the two sets of lock nuts 39 and 38 the tension of the spring 33 may be suitably adjusted. The valve .stem is likewise provided with a collar 40 abutting against a pin 4i fixed to the valve stem between which collar and a head 42on sleeve 24 is located a spring I4, which is preferably only of sufficient strength to overcome the friction ofthe stumng box 36. but which, if desired, may have a slight additional pressures.

additional tension to assist the flow of liquid through pipe I8 under the action of the pump in closing the valve 32. When the valve is thus closed, spring M will be relieved of tension. The spring 33 is stronger than spring M, and is arranged for definite co-operation with mechanism hereinafter referred to.

The control valve 32 and its associated mechanism have a three-foldffunction: first and primarily, it/ is a control valve for the dispensing operation having a fully open and partially open position to permit free 'flow or partial ow, and finally, complete closure to preven't any flow through the dispensing line, irrespective of the nozzle valve or any other control valve; secondly, it functions as a valve to keep the system primed and to hold the head of liquid in the system andkeep the'sight glass to a predetermined level, or what is known as full"; and thirdly, it acts as a relief valve to open slightly to relieve the excessive pressure in the dispensing line and sight glass due to expansion of the fluids dispensed in the hot weather, or due to the creation cf-other 'I'he spring means or spring mechanism, operatively associated with this valve, is constructed and arranged to provide for and/or to permit the easy opening or closure of this valve, and particularly by means of remote control mechanism, operated, for example, from the nozzle end of the dispensing system, and yet which spring means is likewise operative to maintain the valve cl ed under a relatively strong tension, which nsion is 4of sufficient strength to maintain in the dispensing hose and particularly in the sight glass a sufiicient pressure so as to prevent the gasoline in the dispensing line from vaporizing under different temperature conditions with the result that the level of the gasoline in the sight discharge will lower, which, of course, is objectionable. In addition, this spring mechanism and associated devices is constructed and arranged to permit the control valve to yield after dispensing has ceased to relieve any extraordinary pressure which may be created in the dispensing line and in the sight glass.

Means is provided, in my invention, for opening the control valve 'and also, if desired, for Starting the pump motor from the nozzle end of the dispensing outfit, and means is also provided, actuated and controlled from the nozzle end of the outfit or pump, for causing the automatic closure of the control valve and/or stopping of thepump motor under the constant will of the operator so that the operator may, during the flow of the liquid as in the dispensing operation, select a predetermined, exact quantity of liquid measurable in preferably standard unit amounts, and wherein' the dispensing'will automatically 'Stop after said exact unit measurement of liquid has been dispensed. For instance, if, during the 'dispensing operation, the purchaser should desire desire an additional gallon or more of liquiddiispensing may be immediately resumed by operation of the control means solely from the nozzle end of the pumping device and without the necessity of the operator approaching the pump pedestal, and upon resumption of dispensing, and when the exact additional amount of liquid desired has been dispensed, dispensing operation will again automatically stop. In the present invention I have provided means for accomplishing this automatic control of predetermined exact unit dispensingby means of a pull hose control operation.

One form of means for carrying out the broad principles of my invention comprises the provision of a device either driven by the meter shaft so as to rotate therewith and in timed relation thereto, and in a denite predetermined manner, as, for instance, in such a manner as to cause one cycle of means or one complete rotation of the device in timed sequence with the delivery of one unit of measurement of liquid through the meter, such, for instance, the measurement of one gallon of liquid by the meter, or wherein the device is operable by a prime mover but is controlled by the operation of the meter so as to produce the vsame result; in short, the completion of a predetermined movement of this device to correspond with the measurement of a predetermined volume of liquid such, for instance, as one gallon. In the present instance I have shown, as a simple means of accomplishing this, a shaft 46 (see Figs. 5,"7 and 8), which by means of a coupling 48, is adapted to be driven from the meter shait 58. 'I'he preferred arrangement in the present instant is that shaft 46 will make one'complete rotation for each gallon of liquid measured by the meter. It is obvious, of course, that other units may be selected, if desired.

In connection with the operation of this shaft 46, means is provided for stopping it at an exact point in its rotation to close the control valve .to correspond with an exact amount of liquid dispensed, for instance, means is provided for selectively stopping the rotation of this shaft and `Vhence for closing the valve at each or any one quarter rotation thereof, which will correspond with each quart of liquid being measured by the meter. Obviously by selecting the capacity of the meter and the means used in connection with the rotating shaft 46, any desired unit of volume or money value may be secured or selected. In

measurement of volume or money value so thatA the movement from one notch 54 to the next l notch 54 represents an'- operation of the meter in measuring one incremental unit volume of liquid such as one quart of liquid or one money value unit, as 25 cents worth of liquid to be dispensed, provided the liquid being dispensed is at the rate of 20 per gallon.

Means is provided for driving the notched disc 52 from the meter shaft 46 which comprises a roller clutch mechanism in the form of a disc 56 keyed as at 58, Fig. 5, to shaft 46 to rotate therewith. As shown clearly in dotted lines in 11. this disc or clutch member 56 is provided with a plurality of outwardly extending arms 59, 68 and 62, each of which is provided with a face 64, 66 and 68 extending radially from the center of the shaft 46. In addition, eachface 64, 66 and 68 is provided with an angularly extendingface Vor slot or cut-out formed by a face or wall 18, 12

j and 14 forming a cut-out or recess or pocket in 75 which a roller 16, 18 and 88 is seated. Each wall 64, 66 and 68 is provided with a bore in which is located a spring 82, 84 and 86, which normally tends to urge the roller 16, 16 and 88 away from the face 64, 66 and 68 and into contact with the angularly disposed wall or face 18, 12 and 14 and the inner peripheryof the wall or face 88, see Fig. 5, of a housing ring 98 disposed on the underside of -the slotted disc 52 and rigidly. adapted to rotate therewith. The disc 52 and the ring-like housing 98 are -formed together or may be welded together. l

In the operation of this device, when the meter shaft is turning clockwise, Fig. 11, it will turn `the disc-like element 52 clockwise through the engagement ofthe rolls 16, 18 and 88 against the faces 18, 12 and 14 and the inner Wall 88 of the surrounding ring-like housing 98,' whereby to form a clutching action to cause the rotational movement of the ring-like housing 498, andv hence to cause the rotation ofthe slotted disc member 52 rigidly lcarried thereby and therewith.

pin 98 to a link |88 which', in turn, is pivoted4 at |82 to a lever |84 mounted as by means of the hub portion |86 to a shaft |88 so as to'turn with said shaft |88 when the latter is turned. ',I'he lower portion of lever |84 is provided withl a rounded head ||8 preferably of any form of a roller. This roller H8 cooperates with a lever ||2 which passes, through a slot ||3 inthe housing 2 of the pump, pivoted as at ||4 to a suitable bracket H6 mounted in the -pump housing. The inner end of the pivoted 'lever 2 is provided with a Y-shaped or forked cam means ||8 arranged so that the Yor the junction of the two laterally extending walls of the cam lie directlylpast the' central portion of the roller ||8 when the device is in normal or inoperative position. The outer end of lever H2 is provided with a yoke |28, in turn provided with a clamping device |22 which is formed to clamp around the hose |24. This hose, as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, is the usual, flexible dispensing hose of a well-known type of dispensing unit having its inlet end |26 connected with the usual sight glass K |28 disposed at the exterior end |38 of the dispensing line, the other end of which isconnected i with a nozzle i |32 provided with the usual type of guard |34 inside of which is located the nozzle valve lever |36 adapted when pressed to operate `the dispensing'nozzle valve |38.- The dispensing nozzle is shown at |48 and is of usual construction. Inside of the nozzle proper there is provided a spring loaded check valve which will close under action of its spring as soon 'as relieved of pressure when the dispensing flow stops, thus preventing loss of liquid in the hose duringthe momentary period that the nozzle valve remains open after the flow is stopped by the control valve 32. This check valve is in dotted lines at Means is provided for maintaining the lever |I2 in centralized, inoperative position.A For instance, as shown in Figs. 3 and 5 I have provided vtwo levers |44, and |46 disposed one above the arm |60 having an upstanding perforated lug through which the end of the spring |62 passes, said spring at its other end being ailixed to a pin |84 on any stationary part of the device.

Correspondingly the other member |46 is pro` vided with an inwardly extending arm |66' provided with the upstanding flange perforated to receive the "end of the coil spring |68, the other end of which is connected as at |12 to a stationary valve 82 will have partly closed. vWhen a slot 54 y part of the machine; the action of these two springs being equal and opposite tends to spread apart the arms and |66 of the two pivotally mounted members |44 and |46 and to maintain the two projections |52 and |54 in normal position against the stops |56 and |58 with the de pending stops |48 and |50 engaging the opposite sides of the Y or cam shaped inner end ||8 of the pivotally mounted lever ||2. The Y-shaped cam surface ||8 of this inner lever is thus resiliently held in this centralized position.

Shaft |08 `which is rotatable in bearings |14 and |16 is provided at one end thereof with an extension upon which isfixed a hub |18 having oppositely extending arms |80 and |82. The arm |82 is provided with a bifurcated end adapted to carry the pins 31 in engagement with the collar 38 of theA valve stem 34 for the control valve 32. When shaft |08 is turned in a clockwise direction, the operating -arm |82 will be depressed to push downwardly upon collar 38 whereby to open valve 32 against the tension of the spring 44. On the other hand, when the arm |82 is moved upwardly as in a counter-clockwise rotation,

Fig. '1, of the shaft |08, the spring 44 of the valve will not only tend to closethe valve, but will tend to push the arm |82 upwardly tending to rotate the shaft |08 in a counter-clockwise direction, and thus tending to maintain the roller ||0 pressed against the Y-shaped head ||8 of lever ||2. It will also be understood that this same spring 44 in this instance, will tend to turn the shaft 88 so as to maintain the control finger 82 in sliding. contact with the periphery 58 of the slotted disc 52. In this position the comes opposite the control 82,- the control will be in a position to jump into the notch to close the valve 82 completely.

.It willbe understood, however, that in-some ininterconnect the pump switch controllln( m0hanism with the other mechanisms I am disclosing. Accordingly, the control rod I4 is connected by a lost motion connection to the lever |80, as shown in Fig. 1, and the rod is connected up to operate the usual type of switch nmning to the electric motor for the pump.

In my present invention I specifically connect the shaft |08 and the connection |4 leading to the pump switch and arrange the same in such a manner that the control valve 82 is opened bfore the pump is operated, conversely, the control valve 32 is closed before the pump is stopped.

The fact that the pump begins to actuate after control valve 32 is opened, assists in the easy opening of the valve, particularly by the remote control mechanism. It will be obvious 4that if it were necessary to open the valve after the pump began operating, it would be necessary by a pull on the hose to open this valve, not only against the tension of the spring 44, but to this spring pressure would be added the force of the pump, which would be considerable.

By arranging the connections so that the valve is closed before the pump stops, I take advantage of the pressure on the liquid created by the pump to close and/or to assist the spring 44 in closing the valve, thereby establishing a very quick closure, which permits accuracy in measurement. Furthermore, by operating the pump and the valve by remote control, I am'enabled to conserve operation 'of the pump until approximately the time that dispensing begins and ceases, thereby saving operation of the motor in by-passing when dispensing is not actually taking place. It is estimated that this arrangement will save approximatly 50 to 60% of the electrical energy consumed.

The shaft |08 on its opposite end, is provided with a further extension having a hub |86 pinned thereto, which in turn is provided with an arm |88 depending therefrom, which registers with vand may pass through a slot |88 formed in a disc |92 fixed-on an arm or shaft |84, mounted in suitable bearings |86 of clock frame 280, whereby to permit linger |88 to move freely through the slot and thereby-permit the shaft |08 to rock' freely in a clockwise direction to open valve 82 and start the flow. The disc |82 is provided with a cam surface adapted to engagethe side of the finger |88, which surface is constructed and arranged so that when delivery is complete, the operator must rotate the control handle |85 a distance of 180 degrees before hanging up the hose. In doing so, the cam surface of this disc |82 contacts finger |88 and imparts a-slight counterclockwise rotation to the shaft |08 which will withdraw pins 8.1 from collar 88 and bring the spring 88 into action to maintain the valve ILti'ghtly against its seat.l

Means is provided for confining the liquid in the dispensing line between the combined control valve, foot valve and reliefvalve and the nozzle valve, in such a way as to prevent vaporization. In the present invention, this is accomplished by confining the liquid in`this section -of the. dispensing lline in such a manner that there is no room' for vaporization to. take place. In general, the introduction of cold gasoline from -the underground storage tank into a pump operating under high summer. temperatures, will immediately tend to bring up-expansion pressuns. between the nornle valve and the relief valve, between which the column of liquid is conned. Means must be provided by which any pressure built up therein must 'be relieved to pre` above vapor pressure.

^ tions, and when dispensing various motorA fuels, which have constantly changing. vaporization characteristics. At the same time, the spring mechanism is arranged to permit the valve to open when an inordinate or predetermined pres-' sure has been built up in this portion of the line,- whereby to permit the valve to relieve this inordinate pressure, and then immediately to close so as to confine the column of fluid under the conditions hereinbefore set forth. In short-the tension of spring 33 is selected and the adjusting means is arranged so as to add suiilcient tension to the meter control valve so that the pressure that will be generated by the change'in temperature taking place in the liquid in the discharge line and hose will build up suflicient pressure in the sight discharge so as to keep the gasoline Thus, by confining the liquid under suilicient pressure, which results from expansion due to high temperatures, vaporization is prevented, and I have provided means for thus confining the gasoline to prevent vaporization and to prevent consequent lowering of the liquid levelin the gauge and I have also provided means whereby should excessive pressure arise, the spring 33 will yield to permit the valve to y openslightly to relieve this pressure.

The outer end of the shaft or arm |94 projects through an opening in the housing and at its outer end is provided with the angularly disposed end |95 which in one position is adapted to straddle or transversely pass across the upper open ends of the nozzle supporting hooks |98, which are spaced apart as shown to receive therebetween the body of the nozzle so that when the bent arm |95 is in the position shown in Figure 7, it will be impossible to place the dispensing nozzle on its support, but when the arm |95 is turned to the dotted line position shown in Fig. 7, the noz- Azle may be so placed on its support as when not in use. The nozzle supporting hook |98 is provided at its inner end near the plate 200, with a locking device to receive the lower portion of guard |34, for the nozzle. To this end it is slotted laterally as at 202, so that this lower portion of the nozzle valve can be slid laterally thereinto and is provided with an upstanding locking abutment 204 which is disposed behind the nozzle. valve lever |36 when the nozzle is on its support, and a padlock may be suitably passed through The clock: mechanism In certain instances, in connection with the mechanism hereinbefore described, I may desire A to use the conventional type ofmeter indicating or year.

hand adapted to be rotated by the meter shaft about a conventional gallon and'quart dial for indicating the amount of liquid dispensed at any particular instance, and it is to be understood that my invention is fully capable of use with such a clock mechanism for liquid indicating mechanism. However, I prefer to utilize with the foregoing/ described portion of my invention, a particular, specific embodiment o'f a clock mechanisxn having broad and generic features of construction whereby means is' provided for indicating at any instant the amount of liquid dispensed, in exact and integral units of measurement, `for instance, vas threegallons and one quart, or any other exact and complete unit of art, comprises the quart hand and the gallon measurement. In addition, the clock mechanism is constructed and arranged to indicate the price per unit measured of liquid, for instance, in the preferred embodiment of my invention, the device willindlcate the price per gallon and also if desired, the price per quart, if that be the basic measure selected. In addition, the clock mechanism provides the total cost of the total amount of the liquid dispensedvas, for instance, if five gallons and one quart of liquid are dispensed, the total price for live gallons and one quart is indicated.

In addition, the clock mechanism is provided with totalizing means for indicating the total amount or volume of quid dispensed during a predetermined period su h as a day, week, month My improved clock mechanism is a very simple construction for accomplishing the foregoing features and others. I prefer to construct it with interchangeable discs which-may be. very easily placed into position or exchanged, and these discs are arranged in cooperation with other portions of the clock mechanism such as a dial face` and a movable indicating means so that pre-computed figures involving a sequence of preselected unit amounts of liquidto be dispensed l in combination with pre-selected price computations for such volumetric units, will be displayed upon the dial face in a manner so as correctly to indicate at the particular price selected by that disc, the correct price in basic units, such as quarts, two quarts, three quarts and gallon units,

`the total price for the total exact amount of liquid dispensed. In addition, each exchangeable of graduations in gallon amounts or exact divisions or increments thereof, from preferably zero to twenty gallons, and indicating means are" provided and driven by the operating meter shaft for indicating the total gallons and quarts dispensed-a small hand being preferably provided to indicate the total number of gallons dispensed, as distinguished from one quart, two quart, three quart portions of a single gallon which are also In addition, the clock dial is provided with a sequence suitably indicated by means including a large hand.

The clock mechansm comprises a novel and ingenious arrangement of discs, shutters and dials in cooperation with the movable indicating hands and movable dials so as to accomplishthe foregoing.

Referring preliminarily to Fig. 8 for a general understanding of the arrangement of some of` the parts, it will be noted that the extension -.that opening.

46 of the meter shaft has secured to it a spiral gear 216 meshing with another spiral gear 212- fastto another shaft 2l4 whereby movement is thus transmitted to a conventional gallontotalizer 2i6. Also meshing with the spiral gear 216 is a gear 2|6 on shaft 226 which communicates movement through the worm gearing 222 to the shaft' 224. The ratio of the worm gearing 222 is to 1, sothat shaft 224 will make lf2() of a revolution per gallon while shaft 46 will make one revolution, per gallon, thus shaft 46 is for driving the fast hand and shaft 224 is for. driving the slow hand. Shaft 46 has fricticnally mount ed on it at its upper end the spiral gear 226 meshing with spiral gear 228 fast to a horizontal shaft 236. On both ends of the shaft 236 are secured spur gears 232, Figs. 9 and 17, meshing with gears 234 loosely mounted on shaft 236. The gear 234 has a hub V238 which detachably connects through a clutch 246 with a hub 242 upon which is mounted the fast hand 244 and the shutter 246. The shaft 224 is frictionally connected with the spiral gear 248 meshing with gear 266 on thc shaft 236. On the outer ends of shaft 236 are -fixed the clutch sleeves 252 detachably mating with the clutch hub 254 which carries the slow hand 256. The hub 242 is provided with an annular groove 243. 242 also has a segment thereof cut away as shown at 24| in Fig. 19 so that the groove 243 at this portion passes entirely through the wall of this hub. In addition, the hub 254 is providedwith an annular peripheral groove 255 which, when the hub zu 1s in position, as shown 1n the :un

lines in Fig. 17, registers with the groove 243.

A`detachab1e resilient ring or split clip' 251 is adapted tolle in the groove 243 of the hub 242 and is sufficiently narrow so that it lies in and interlocks with the groove 255 on the hub 254,

y thus detachably, but firmly, holding the hub 254 and its hand 256 in assembled relation to and within the hub 242 with, its hand 244 and all in the hub 242 and the removal of these members from the flanged collar 232 and the removal of all these from the dial plate 214.. In short, through the instrumentality of the assembly means or spring clip 251, 'the entire assembly of the dial plate, the shutter 246and the fast and :low hands 244 and 256 are held in unitary relation so that they may be removed from the hub 266 and from the driving clutches 236 and 252 -so`\as to permit an exchange or replacement of another price chart`266 having a different set of indicia thereon. Also fixed to the shaft 236 is a spur gear 266.which communicates with the hub gear 262 through the straddle gear 264, the gear 262 is integral with the hub 266 on which is mounted the price lchart disc 268. It is thus obvious that the fast. nana and the shutter rotate- `in unison andthe slow hand and the price chart disc operate in unison. The shutter 246 has an lopening 216 which is radially positioned in line with the fast'hand `244 s6 that the price is only visible through the'opening in the face plate or dial 214 when the fast hand 244 is pointing to Theclock dial .214 is supported on brackets is part of the clock dial 214. It is therefore obvious that the clock dial assembly comprising the fast and slowhands and the shutter can be conveniently removed as a unit by reason of the clutch connection of the hubs 242 and .254,.thus facilitating the changing of the price chart disc 266.

Resetting mechanism The shaft 46 has fixed thereto the hubbed disc 266 while the spur gear 268 is loosely mounted on shaft 46 but is mounted in frictional contact with the fixed disc 296, which is maintained under compression by the spring 292 which, in turn, is held in place by the lpin 294. 'I'he disc 296 has two bent-over projections 296 which clutch the corresponding notches in the hub disc 296,

which has fastened thereto the spiral gear 226 i 2961 is passed through the shaft 46 just above disc 296 so as to hold the disc 296 in a position in which spring 262 is compressed. A similar construction is provided for the slow hand shaft 224 which is journalled for free rotation in an elongated hub 2961 while a shaft 2461 carrying the gear 246 is pinned in the hub. 'I'he shaft 224 has fixed to it a friction plate 266 and the hub 2961 carries a clutch assembly which is identical with that mounted on the shaft 46. A pin 2961 passes through the shaft 224 and serves to maintain the spring 292 under compression. It will be noted that when the clock is operated by the meter, these friction assemblies will rotate with their respectlveshafts, the shaft 46 rotating at one revolution per gallon and the shaft 224 rotating at 1,60 of a revolution per gallon, both having the same direction of rotation. The gear 288 is enmeshed with the gear 366 loosely mounted on shaft 362, while the gear 364 on the shaft 224 frictional assembly meshes with the gear 366 also loose on its shaft 362. Assuming that shafts 46 and 224 rotate in clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 8, the gears 366 and 366 will be rotated in a counterclockwise direction. In order to regrees by the control handle |96 through the intermediary of a bevel pinion 366 meshing with another bevel 3I6 on shaft 362.

`On the end of reset shaft |94 is fixed an arm or lever 312, Fig. 11, which is adapted to engage oppositely disposed threaded stops 314 and 3| 6 threading through brackets 316 and 326 on a stationary arm 322 of the device. A spring '324, Figs. 5 and 6, is attached to the arm and to a stationary part of the-device. The adjustment of the stops 3|4 and 3I6 is arranged to control the travel of pawl 362 whereby in retracted position it will not register with the notch in the slotted disc 62.

The arm 326 is fixed to shaft 362'so as to rotate therewith and carries pawl 326 which cooperates with the ratchet 336 which is integral with the gear 366. The gear 366 also has integral there- Set the clock, the shaft 362 is rotated 180 dey with on its underside, a ratchet 332 which co- 362 is rotated 180 degreesv in a clockwise direcn rotate gear 300. Also, the ratchet 332 will engage pawl 334 and vrotate the gear 306, which action will rotate the gears 288 and 304 on shafts 46 and 224 in a counterclockwise direction. The meter shaft 46v being maintained stationary,-the gear 288 will slip on the disc 286, but will rotate the gear 226.andl thence through gearing 226 and 228 will rotate shaft 230 which is mounted thereon, which through gear 232 rota'tes gear 234 and thence through clutch 240 which rotates the sleeve 242 that carries the shutter assembly and the fast hand. A notch 336, Fig. 18, is formed on the flanged collar 282 which carries the shutter and fast` hand, which notch engages -stop pawl 331 pivotally mounted on the frame at 338 and'held in engagement with the anged collar by spring 339.

A similar notch 338 is provided on the outer periphery of the flanged hub 266 which carries the price disc 268 and through the clutch 252 controls the slow moving hand 256. This notch engages stop arm 34|, pivotally mounted onthe frame at 342 and held in engagement with the notched collar 266 by spring 343. When the shafts 230 and 236 have been brought to zero and held against any further reverse rotationby the'stops 331 and 34|, the gears 288 and 304 will slip on their respective friction plates during the remaining travel imparted by the control handle The pawl 328, Figs. 8 and 10, carried by the arm 326 has a spring 340, one end of Whichis fastened to a pin 342 in the arm 326 and the other end is fastened to the pin 344 in an outwardly projecting arm 346 of said pawl. The clock frame 280 has a projection 348 extending into the path of travel of the spring pin 344 which acts as a stop for the arm 326 and causes the outer end of spring 345 to travel over the center 350, which is the pivot of the pawl 328, thus holding the pawl 328 out of engagement with the ratchet 330 during the time that the clock is in operation. An ear 352 on the pawl 328 is disposed to strike the projection 348 when the arm 326 is rotated counterclockwise. This throws spring 345 to the other side of center 350, thus conditioning pawl 328 to cooperate with the ratchet 330 when resetting occurs. It will be noted that during the operation of the clock, the

' ratchet 332 fastened to the underside of the gear 300 will travel away from its cooperating pawl 334 for the reason that the ratchet '332 will rotate 20 times faster than the gear 306 on which pawl,

334 is mounted.v The ratio between the set back gears of shafts 46 and 224 and the set back gears 300 and 306 on shaft 302 is such as to impart a full revolution to shafts 46 and 224, plus suflicient over-travel for the engaging and disengaging of the pawl 328.

The operation and function of the meter con-- trol disc 52 and the dispensing control 92 is the same as described hereinbefore. The disc 52 is driven by the clutch rolls 16, 18, 80 as before described. In the event that the pump is stopped between the positions of the notches 54 on the disc 52, disc 52 is reset at the end of the trans-A meshes with a segment 358 loosely mounted on the shaft 46. The segment 356 has an arm 360 carrying at 36| a pivotally mounted pawl `362 pulled inwardly toward the edge of disc 52 by means of spring 363. A stop 365 mounted on the bracket 361 is disposed in the path of movement of the upstanding lug 368 on the rear end of pawl 362. The stops 365 and 368`are in engagement when `the meter is operating as shown in Fig. 11. A

portion of segment 356 is cut away as at '364 so that the arm 360 and pawl 362 will travel through an arc of 90 degrees, while the arm 364 travels 180 degrees. ,This will cause the disc 52 to be reset and/or returned to its zero position through the action of pawl 362 engaging a notch in the disc 52 and rotating the disc in a clockwise direction. The projection 366 on the clock frame 280 is a stop for the pawl 362 which sets the disc 52 in accurate alignment with the index nger 92.

The clock dial comprises a stationary, preferably substantially square plate having four slots, one at each corner through which pass the fastening pins 282 for holding square shaped plate 214 detachably on the stationary frame of the pump casing. This face plateA or dial 214 is provided first with va central opening through which passes the hub assembly'284 and the cooperative portion shown in Fig. 16 of the drawings, whereby the fast and slow hands may be operatively fastened on the front side of the dial for movable relation therewith. In addition, and cooperating with the path of movement of these fast and slow hands, `the dial is provided with a series .of gallon or other unit of liquid measure calibrations as herein shown, extending in a counterclockwise direction on one side and in clockwise direction on the other side from zero to nineteen, making from one to twenty gallons on a complete rotation of the slow hand. The spacing between the sequence of numbers from 1 to 2. and 2 to 3, etc.,

The upper slot 310 is placed immediately beneath the zero gallon position; the slot 312, which indicates the one quart position, is placed irrimediately below the center diametral line passing .through the axis of the lines and to the left of thedial. The slot 314 is placed immediately below the lil-gallon mark at the outermost periphery thereof, and the slot 316 is placed to the right of the disc and just above the horizontal diametral line through the center of the axis of revolution of the hands. The slot 314 indicates the two-quart measurement and the slot 316 indicates the three-quart measurement.

In addition, the dial is provided with a slot or window 318 which is located somewhat below the central axis thereof. This window is for the purpose of disclosing the price per gallon which is in effect at any' particular time.l In addition, immediately below the window 318 is a smaller or narrower window 380 through which the totalizer indication is viewable. The indicia or word Price is placed on the dial 214 immediately above the window 318. The indicia 1A is preferably placed on the dial immediately above the window 312. The indicia 1A is placed immediately/ above the window 314 or immediately below the same, and the'indica 3A is placed immediately below the window 316.

Assembled immediately behind the dial 214, as shown in the assembly in Fig. 16, is the shutter disc shown in detail at Fig. 14 of the drawings. This shutter disc 246 is mounted on a anged collar 282, which is keyed to the hub 242 as at 384. This hub also carries with it the fast hand 244 so that the fast hand and this shutter disc rotate in unison. The shutter disc is provided with an inwardly extending recess, slot or window 210 as shown in Fig. 14, which'recess 210 is adapted to cooperate with the slots 310, 312, 314

and 316 so that the disc, when. rotating past these slots, will permit observation vof any indicia registering with these windows 310, 312, 314 and 316.

Immediately back of the shutter 246 in the assembled position shown in Fig- 16, is a price disc 268 which, .as shown in Fig. 17, isdetachably mounted as by means 4of studs 369 on a disc-like hub 266. This price disc is adapted to revolve with the slow hand 256 by means of clutch sleeves 254 which telescope in the manner illustrated in Figs. 16 and 17 of the drawings. Regarding the price disc shown in Fig. it willbe seen that itis comprised primarily ofthree concentric rows of price computations, an outer row 386, an inter- 'mediate row 388 and an inner row 390. The intermediate row 388 in turn comprises two sepaf rate series of computations or figures 388 and 392, alternately arranged. That is, the sets of figures in series 388 are alternately arranged with respect to those in series 392.. Further, the figures of ls eries 388 are inverted with respect to those of series 392 as clearly appears from an inspection of Figure 15. Series 388 includes such figures as 3.25 and 3.05, whereas series 392 includes the a:- ures 'such as.55, .35 and .15.

The groups of figures in series 386 are adapted to appear through the two-quart window 314. The group of figures in series 389 are adapted to appear through the one-quart window 312; the Iinverted group of figures in series 392 are adapted to appear through the three-quart window 316,

' and the group of figures in'series 390 on the segments are adapted to appear through the window 310. For instance, regarding4 Fig. 15, it`will be seen that when the slot 210'in the shutter disc registers with the one-quart window 312, the iigure .05 in the intermediate line willbe viewable through the one quart Window and when the slot 210 has moved to register with the window 314,

. the figure 10 in the outer row will appear therethrough and when the slot 210 has'moved to register with the three-quart window 316, the figure 15 in 'the 392 'series in theA intermediate row will appear through the window 316 and finally, when the shutter slot 21D ha.. moved around to register with the window 31D the figure 20 appearing on the sequence row of the 390 series will appear through the window 31|), which will indicate that one gallon or four quarts at 5 per quart, or per gallon has been dispensed. This will cover the first revolution of the fast hand, or the movement of the slow hand from zero to 1 gallon. The slow hand and the price disc revolve lo of a revolution for one gallon. This will bring the price25 on the intermediate row of figures (see 15) opposite window 312 when the cutout slot 210'in the shutter 246 registers therewith, and 30 will move over to the place formerly occupied by figure 10 and 35 to the place formerly occupied by k15, et cetera.

A further inspection of this chart makes further explanation unnecessary.

The price disc 268 is provided with a price per gallon, such as 2o as indicated at m, which will show through window 318 to permit the use of Operation It will thus be seen that I have provided an improved type and distinctly novel construction of dispensing device, wherein exact and predetermined preferably unit amounts of liquid may be dispensed by av single operator without the necessity of watchingthe dial. For instance, if a motorist shoulddrive up to a gasoline dispensing pump and ask for his tank to be filled up, the operator will, in serving the motorist, first remove the hose nozzle from its hook |98 and then shift the control |95 to the full line position as shown in Figure 7. This will reset the fast and slow hands to zero indicating position. The nozzle 'having been removed from the hook or support |98, the operator walks from the base of the pump pedestal to the receiving tank which may be ten or fifteen feet from the pedestal. He unscrews lthe cap from the tank, inserts the nozzle spout and pulls on the hose from the nozzleend, and maintains the tension. 'Ihe tension or pull usually is exerted with the free hand as distinguished from the hand which is occupied with the task of operating the nozzle valve. When the hose is pulled, this by means of the lever ||2, shifts. the arm |04 (see Fig. 7) to rotate the shaft in a clockwise direction, whereby to depress the valve stem and open the control valve 32 against the tension of its spring 44. Subsequently the arm |80 through the connection I4 starts the pump. The operator then opens the nozzle valve so that 'the pump, instead of lay-passing, will then force the liquid through the dispensing line, through the meter, thereby actuating the meter, and the meter shaft and meter extension shaft 46. It will be remembered that upon the opening of the control valve 32 by turning movement of the shaft |88, the control finger` 92 has been withdrawn from its registering slot 54 in the control disc 52 so that the control disc 52 on the meter extension shaft 46 is free to turn. Subsequently, when the meter starts in operation, the control disc 52 will turn and will continue to turn during the dispensing or as long as the operator maintains tension upon the hose and the nozzle valve open. Meanwhile the fast and slow hands and the shutter and price chart are turning in synchronized relation with the movement of the meter shaft and the quarts and gallons, or any other unit of measure are being not only measured by the meter, but are being indicated through the windows of the dial plate, as well as by the movement of the fast and slow hands with respect to the indicia on the dial plate. However, the dispensing operator need not look at the clock of the meter. All he has to Watch is the liquid level in the tank and as soon as the'liquid level approaches within a unit of measure of its full capacity (a quart in this instance), he then releases the `tension or pull upon the hose, which functions immediately as hereinbefore described, to permit the finger.92 to move into engagement with the imperforate peripheral portion 53 of the .slotted disc 52 so that and whereupon the control valve is brought to a somewhat closed position 

